FORCES AND MOTION: THINGS MOVE

(NCDPI Kindergarten Grade Science Unpacking Documents, PDF)

K.P.1 Understand the positions and motions of objects and organisms observed in the environment.

K.P.1.1    Compare the relative position of various objects observed in the classroom and outside using position words such as: in front of, behind, between, on top of, under, above, below and beside.

1. Students know that their senses are used to make observations and learn about their environment.
2. Students know that the position of an object can be described by locating the object relative to another object, fixed point, or background.
3. Students know the difference between words used to describe the location of an object such as: (in front of, behind, between, on top of, under, above, below, beside) and can communicate  using oral language so that all observers can agree on the position of an object in relation to another object.

K.P.1.2    Give examples of different ways objects and organisms move (to include falling to the ground when dropped):

• Straight
• Zigzag
• Round and round
• Back and forth
• Fast and slow

1. Students know the various ways that living and nonliving things can move, to include falling to the ground when dropped unless something holds them up.
2. Students know that earth pulls down on all objects.
3. Students know how to observe, describe, and discuss all kinds of moving things—themselves, insects, birds, trees, doors, rain, fans, swings, volleyballs, wagons, etc.—keeping notes, drawing pictures to suggest their
   motion.
4. Students know how to raise questions about the movement of various organisms to include: Do they move in a straight line or zigzag? Is their motion fast or slow? How can you tell? How many ways does an organism move?

FORCES AND MOTION: PUSHES, PULLS & MAGNETS

(NCDPI 1st Grade Science Unpacking Documents, PDF)

1.P.1 Understand how forces (pushes or pulls) affect the motion of an object.

1.P.1.1    Explain the importance of a push or pull to changing the motion of an object.

1. Students know a force is a push or pull.
2. Students know a force, a push or a pull, can change the motion of an object in three ways: go faster, slower or change the direction of the motion.
3. Students know a force (push or pull) is needed to start objects moving, keep objects moving or stop objects that are moving.

1.P.1.2    Explain how some forces (pushes and pulls) can be used to make things move without touching them, such as magnets.

1. Students know magnets exert an unseen force that makes some things move without touching them.
2. Students know magnets have poles that attract or repel each other.

1.P.1.3    Predict the effect of a given force on the motion of an object, including balanced forces.

1. Students know the size of the change in motion of an object is based on the amount of force applied to the object.
2. Students know that balance is associated with position and weight.

FORCES AND MOTION: SOUND AND VIBRATION

(NCDPI 2nd Grade Science Unpacking Documents: PDF)

2.P.1 Understand the relationship between sound and vibrating objects.

2.P.1.1    Illustrate how sound is produced by vibrating objects and columns of air.

1. Students know that vibrating objects produce sound.
2. Students know that sound can be described in terms of pitch, which may be higher or lower.
3. Students know that the length of an air column determines if its pitch is high or low.
4. Students know that the shorter the air column is, the higher the pitch is.
5. Students also know that the longer the air column is, the lower the pitch.

2.P.1.2    Summarize the relationship between sound and objects of the body that vibrate – eardrum and vocal cords.

1. Students know parts of the body vibrate in order to produce and receive sound. Our voices produce sound when air from the lungs passes over our vocal cords and makes them vibrate. The pitch and volume of the sounds humans can produce are changed by changing the properties of the vocal cords.
2. Students know that sound waves are collected by the outer ear, which helps to funnel sound to the eardrum. The eardrum vibrates when sound waves hit it, and causes the tiny bones in the middle ear to vibrate as well. The vibrations move through the bones to the inner ear where the sounds are changed into a form that is understood by the brain.

FORCES AND MOTION: SPEED & GRAVITY

(NCDPI 3rd Grade Science Unpacking Documents, PDF)

3.P.1 Understand motion and factors that affect motion.

3.P.1.1    Infer changes in speed or direction resulting from forces acting on an object.

1. Students know that when a force acts on an object it will result in a change of speed and / or direction.

3.P.1.2    Compare the relative speeds (faster or slower) of objects that travel the same distance in different amounts of time.

1. Students know that speed can vary.
2. Students know that varying the speed of a moving object will affect the time it takes for the object to travel a particular distance.

3.P.1.3    Explain the effects of earth’s gravity on the motion of any object on or near the earth.

1. Students know that the earth ‘pulls’ on all objects on or near the earth without touching those objects.

FORCES AND MOTION: MAGNETS & ELECTRICITY

(NCDPI 4th Grade Science Unpacking Documents, PDF)

4.P.1 Explain how various forces affect the motion of an object.

4.P.1.1    Explain how magnets interact with all things made of iron and with other magnets to produce motion without touching them.

1. Students know that a magnet pulls on all things made of iron without touching them, and that this pulling can result in motion.
2. Students know that a magnet attracts some metals, but not all of them.
3. Students know that a magnet has a force field and poles that determine how a metal affected by the magnet will behave within its field.

4.P.1.2    Explain how electrically charged objects push or pull on other electrically charged objects and produce motion.

1. Students know that an object that has been electrically charged pulls or pushes on all other charged objects and that this can result in motion.
2. Students know that electrical charges can result in attraction, repulsion or electrical discharge.

FORCES AND MOTION: GRAVITY, FRICTION & MASS

(NCDPI 5th Grade Science Unpacking Documents, PDF)

5.P.1 Understand force, motion and the relationship between them.

5.P.1.1    Explain how factors such as gravity, friction, and change in mass affect the motion of objects.

1. Students know that gravity pulls any object on or near the earth toward it without touching it.
2. Students know that friction is a force that is created anytime two surfaces move or try to move across each other.
3. Students know that all matter has mass.
4. Students understand that changing any or all of these factors will affect the motion of an object.

5.P.1.2    Infer the motion of objects in terms of how far they travel in a certain amount of time and the direction in which they travel.

1. Students know that it is possible to measure the motion of an object based on the distance it will travel in a certain amount of time.

5.P.1.3    Illustrate the motion of an object using a graph to show a change in position over a period of time.

1. Students know that a graph can be created using one axis to represent the distance that an object travels, and the other axis to represent the period of time the object is traveling.
2. Students know how to construct a graph that demonstrates a relation of distance to time.

5.P.1.4    Predict the effect of a given force or a change in mass on the motion of an object.

1. Students know that the greater a force is, the greater the change (in motion) it produces. The greater the mass of the object being acted on, the less the effect of the (same) force.